Large File Upload
Rule: user files must never stream through the application server. The client uploads
Server Concurrency Model
Rule: a server slow at low CPU is not compute-bound — it is waiting. How your runtime spends
Memory & Garbage Collection
Rule: your server's RAM is mostly not your data, and the collector's cost is paid in latency you
Caching & Cache Stampede
Rule: the worst thing a cache can do is let every request rebuild it at the same moment. A cache
Distributed Locks
Rule: a lock inside one process protects nothing once you run two instances. And a distributed
Health Checks, Discovery & Load Balancing
Rule: adding servers does not scale a system — distributing correctly does. And a service that
Deployment & Configuration
Rule: config takes production down faster than code, because it skips every safeguard code must
Container Identity & Secrets
Rule: the process that runs your code is not the one the orchestrator configured — it has a